South African "Geraniums"

Everyone's familiar with the common "geranium" - that good old stand-by, the pink or red "geranium" in a pot or window box. This is what is known as a "zonal geranium" because the furry leaves with rounded lobes often have a zone of dark purple. The flowers can be single or double and range from scarlet through orange to pink.





The second type of "geranium" is the "ivy-leaved geranium" which is a trailing plant and usually planted in hanging baskets. It's leaves are smooth and shiny and the flowers can be white, pink or red. Here is an unusual one with dark burgundy double blossoms tipped with white.

Horticulturists first began to hybridize the third kind of "geranium," the "regal geranium," in the late 1800s and one of the most popular hybrids was named after the first First Lady so they are often called "Martha Washington geraniums." It's flowers can be white, pink, red and purple. The upper petals often have darker blotches like pansies. Many have ruffled petals.
These "geraniums" require cool (50 to 60°F) night temperatures in order to bloom. Because of this requirement, "Martha Washington geraniums" often fail to bloom when grown outdoors except along the West Coast north of San Francisco where the summer nights are usually below 60°F. Everywhere else they are usually grown indoors or as spring and fall-flowering annuals.








The fourth type of "geranium" is the "scented geranium" usually not grown for its inconspicuous white, pale lilac or pink flowers but for it's beautiful finely-lobed and ruffled scented foliage which can have perfumes that smell like chocolate, citrus, roses, mint or lavender and are often used as medicinal herbs.



I have put the word "geranium" in quotes because none of these plants are really geraniums. They are South African pelargoniums. There are more than 200 pelargonium species within these four main groups. Most true geraniums come from the Mediterranean and are often called "cranesbills."
There is only one true geranium from South Africa, geranium incanum, which has the true geranium leaves - finely-lobed and feathery. It is a ground creeper and can become invasive on the West Coast but is almost worth it because of its beautiful lilac or pale purple flowers.
We have a true geranium that is native to Oregon which looks almost exactly like the South African version but has much smaller lilac flowers and is regarded as a weed.




















































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